History of the World Quiz! Beginner Mode

The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, along with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel, for their research on radioactivity. Later, in 1911, Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her discovery of radium and polonium. Her groundbreaking work paved the way for advancements in science and medicine.

The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed in 1494. It aimed to resolve conflicts over newly discovered lands by dividing them between Spain and Portugal. The agreement established a line of demarcation 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. Lands to the east belonged to Portugal, while those to the west were Spain’s. This treaty significantly influenced colonial expansion and exploration during the Age of Discovery.

The first explorer to circumnavigate the globe was Ferdinand Magellan. In 1519, Magellan set out on an expedition sponsored by Spain, aiming to find a western route to the Spice Islands. Although Magellan died during the journey, his fleet completed the circumnavigation under the leadership of Juan Sebastián Elcano in 1522. This historic voyage provided crucial insights into global geography and navigation.

The last pharaoh of Egypt was Cleopatra VII. She ruled from 51-30 BCE and was known for her intelligence, political prowess, and alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Cleopatra’s reign marked the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty and the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Empire after her defeat at the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE.

The Battle of Gettysburg was a significant turning point in the American Civil War. Fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, in Pennsylvania, it marked the Union victory over the Confederate Army led by General Robert E. Lee. The defeat ended Lee’s invasion of the North and halted Confederate momentum, shifting the war’s trajectory towards eventual Union triumph.

Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century. Leading a small force of Spanish conquistadors, Cortés arrived in Mexico in 1519 and capitalized on internal divisions within the Aztec Empire. Through strategic alliances with indigenous groups and military prowess, Cortés ultimately toppled the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521, marking the end of Aztec dominance in Mesoamerica.

The ancient wonder of the world located in Babylon was the Hanging Gardens. Believed to have been constructed by King Nebuchadnezzar II around 600 BCE, these gardens were renowned for their lush greenery and architectural ingenuity. Despite their fame, there is some historical debate about their existence, with some scholars suggesting they may have been a poetic or legendary creation rather than a physical structure.

The “Father of Geometry” is Euclid, an ancient Greek mathematician who lived around 300 BCE. He is famous for his work “Elements,” a comprehensive compilation of geometric knowledge that became the standard textbook for mathematics for over 2,000 years. Euclid’s systematic approach and logical proofs laid the foundation for the study of geometry and influenced mathematical thought for centuries.

The Battle of Waterloo, a pivotal conflict in European history, occurred in 1815. It marked the final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, the French emperor, by the combined forces of the Seventh Coalition, led by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. This decisive battle effectively ended Napoleon’s rule and his ambitions of European dominance, reshaping the continent’s political landscape.

The founder of Buddhism is Siddhartha Gautama, also known as Buddha. Born into a royal family in ancient India, Siddhartha renounced his privileged life to seek enlightenment. After years of meditation, he attained enlightenment, becoming the Buddha, and taught the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, forming the foundation of Buddhism’s philosophy and practices.

The city of Machu Picchu was built by the Inca civilization. Located in the Andes Mountains of Peru, Machu Picchu was constructed in the 15th century under the rule of the Inca emperor Pachacuti. This remarkable site served as a royal estate and religious sanctuary, featuring intricate stonework and terraces. Today, it stands as a testament to the engineering and architectural prowess of the Inca civilization.

The Berlin Wall fell in 1989, symbolizing the end of the Cold War. Its collapse resulted from a combination of factors, including political reforms in the Soviet Union, popular uprisings in Eastern Europe, and the policies of leaders like Mikhail Gorbachev. The event led to the reunification of East and West Germany, signifying a pivotal moment in global history towards the decline of Soviet influence and the end of the Cold War rivalry.

The first man to walk on the moon was Neil Armstrong. On July 20, 1969, during NASA’s Apollo 11 mission, Armstrong descended from the lunar module, famously stating, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” His historic steps marked a monumental achievement in human history, advancing our understanding of space exploration and inspiring future generations to reach for the stars.

“The Communist Manifesto” was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Published in 1848, it outlines their theories on class struggle, capitalism, and the inevitable rise of communism. Marx and Engels argue that historical conflicts between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and proletariat (working class) would culminate in a revolution leading to a classless society. The manifesto remains influential in political and social thought.

“Starry Night” was painted by Vincent van Gogh, a Dutch post-impressionist artist, in 1889. This iconic work is renowned for its swirling clouds, vibrant stars, and the moon against the backdrop of a sleepy village. Van Gogh’s use of bold colors and dynamic brushstrokes captures the ethereal beauty of the night sky, making it one of the most recognized and celebrated paintings in art history.